กระบวนการพัฒนาปัญญาตามหลักวุฑฒิธรรม

This dissertation has three objectives; 1) to study the wisdom in Tipiṭaka,  2) to study the principle of Vuḍḍhi-Dhamma in Tipitaka, and 3) to analyze the process of intellectual development according to the principle of Vuḍḍhi-Dhamma. The research methodology was based on the documentary study by finding data from Tipiṭaka, Commentaries, and related Pakaranavisesa, as well as Buddhist academic texts, articles, journals, and the related research.

The results of study were as follows:

The wisdom in Tipiṭaka found that wisdom means knowledge, nature of knowing, all-round knowing, knowing all of things, knowing what should be known, knowing for management, knowing all of phenomena, and knowing as they really are. Wisdom can be classified into the two types: Lokiya-paññā—worldly wisdom and Lokuttara-paññā—supramundane wisdom. There are three types of wisdom: Sutamaya-paññā—wisdom learned from others, Cintamaya-paññā—wisdom arisen from one’s own thought, and Bhāvanāmaya-paññā—wisdom arisen when absorption concentration gained by the power of practice, and also there is wisdom that sees Four Noble Truths, e.g., seeing suffering (Dukkha), the  origin of suffering (Sumudya), the cessation of suffering (Nirodha), and the path leading to the cessation of suffering (Magga). The characteristics of wisdom is of knowing the nature of  Dhamma, having nature of eliminaying of ignorance as the function, having the nature of apprehending of truth as the result, and having concentration as the near cause.

The principle of Vuḍḍhi-Dhamma in Tipitaka was found that Vuḍḍhi-Dhamma means the virtues conducive to growth, consisting of four factors:               1) Sappurisaṁseva--associating with a good and wise person, 2)  Saddhammasavana—hearing of Dhamma, these two are the cause for wisdom arising, which called Sutamaya-paññā, 3) Yonisomansikāra—genetically refection, it is the cause for wisdom arising, which called Cintamaya-paññā,  the three kinds of wisdom are of worldly wisdom, and 4) Dhammānudhammapaṭipatti—practicing of Dhamma in accordance with Dhamma, it is the cause for wisdom arising, which called Bhāvanāmaya-paññā, and also the supramundane wisdom. The four Dhamma factors as mentioned above have different characteristics, viz., the seven qualities of a good man are called the seven Sappurisadhamma; the hearings the true teaching--Pariyatti-Saddhamma, Paṭipatti-Saddhamma, and Paṭivedha-Saddhamma. Yonisomanasikāra is of ten methods of thinking: an investigation of cause and effect, thinking based on a component classification, thinking based on the common characteristics, thinking based on the process of the Four Noble Truths, thinking based on the relationship between principle and the goal, thinking based on advantage disadvantage and the way out of problems, thinking based on real and unreal value, reflection in order to rouse of virtue, reflection on living in the present moment, and reflection on analytic discussion (Vibhajjavāda). And, the Dhammānudhammapaṭipatti is to apply the trivial Dhamma in to practice in accordance with the Dhamma by meditation practice.

The intellectual development according to the principle of Vuḍḍhi-Dhamma was found that wisdom arises from the right view (Saṁmādiṭṭhi), which is one of the important factor in the Noble Eightfold Paths, as the beginning of the study. As th matter of fact, the development of intellectuality starts with a belief in the person and then approaches him in order to study and learn from him, by having the concurrent factors in Saṁmādiṭṭhi, that is to say, (Paratoghosa)-- the voice of others; motivating or stimulating from outside, and Kalyāṇamitta--having good friends. Having acquired the right view, one can approaches to ask for knowledge or study with a good man. While listening to the instruction, he considers with critical thinking in Dhamma (Yonisomanasikāra), then applies the principles and the result from critical thinking to practice in accordance with the Dhamma (Dhammānudhammapaṭipatti). This method is tmethod of self-development to acheve wisdom, based on the principle of Vuḍḍhi-Dhamma, as the way of practice.