ศึกษาสติและสัมปชัญญะในการปฏิบัติวิปัสสนาภาวนา

               This research paper aims at 2 objectives; 1) to study Sati-Sampajañña or mindfulness and awareness in Theravada Buddhist scriptures, and 2) to study Sati-Sampajañña for Vipassana meditation practice. The data had been collected from Theravada Buddhist scriptures; Tipitaka, commentaries, sub-commentaries and other concerned texts such as Visuddhimagga, then compiled in descriptive style, finally examined by experts. The research findings were that;

               Sati literally means being mindful of all phenomena; physical and mental in every present moment only and Sampajañña refers to complete awareness or realizing one self. Both of them are supportive of all virtues and the Buddha has advised Sati-Sampajañña as a great benefit of all Dhamma called as ‘Bhāvetabbadhamma’ or virtues which should be cultivated in mind in living and insight practice. By following ‘Bodhipakkhiyadhamma’ or the 37 factors of enlightenment such as four foundations of mindfulness, this Sati-Sampajañña will be developed in advance steps by steps. Without mindfulness and awareness, one’s mind will fall into unwholesome parts committing the evil acts.

               To imply mindfulness and awareness for insight practice is to use this mindfulness and awareness observing the presents state of Rupa-Nama or forms and names, contemplating on body, feeling, mentality and mental objects as well as in all main gestures; walking, standing, sitting, sleeping and other manners as they really appear until the mind became bright and free from all mental formations. The important factors of insight practice based on Four Foundations of Mindfulness are Atāpi (Effort), Sampajāno (Awareness) and Satimā (Mindfulness). These virtues will lead the practitioners to realize the reality as they really are and uproot all greed, sorrows and pains completely. The mind will go forwards to Factors of Enlightenment with helps of powerful mindfulness and awareness. Finally, practitioners will gain noble paths, fruits and Nibbana, being free from all sufferings which is the final goal of insight meditation practice.