This research has two objectives: to study the three liberations in the Theravāda Buddhist Scriptures and to study how the three liberations can be developed through Vipassanā Meditation practice. Clarified and analyzed data are taken from the Theravāda Buddhist scriptures and other related scriptures then composed, explained in details, corrected and verified by Buddhist scholars.
According to the research it found
Vimokkha refers to states of liberated mind from defilements confirming to become the Noble One being which is a goal of insight development. There are 3 types of Vimokkha; Sunyata-vimokkha or the liberation by considering Rūpa-Nāma as soullessness, 2) Animitta-vimokkha or liberation by considering Rūpa-Nāma as impermanence and 3) Appanihita-vimokkha is liberation by considering Rūpa-Nāma as suffering. The three liberations are important for meditation practice because they are the causes of Magga and Nibbhana by one type among the three types. These three liberations contain 4 types; (1) the state of controlling faculty (2) the state of concentration (3) the state of attention (4) the state of leaving. Vimokkha is classified into 3 types due to the 3 faculties, there are: (1) Saddhindriya or confidence (2) Samādhindriya or concentration (3) Paññindriya or wisdom.
The three liberations are important process of mental cultivating by Vipassana practice for reaching the final goal, namely, defilement liberation which is caused by the determination of objects of Vipassna with 3 contemplations; Anicānupassanā, Dukkhānupassanā, and Anattānupassanā until insight knowledge occurs respectively leading to Vutthānagāminī state. It later leads to Noble path with the 3 types: Sunyata-vimokkha, Animitta-vimokkha, Appanihita-vimokkha by one type among other three types, and attaining the 4 noble persons; Sotāpanna, Sakadāgāmī, Anāgāmī, and Arahanta in respect of defilement detachment. The three liberations still are classified 4 types of noble persons into 7 groups; 1) Saddhānusārī, 2) Saddhāvimutta, 3) Kāya-sakkhī, 4) Ubhatobhāgavimutta, 5) Dhammānusārī, (6) Ditthippatta, (7) Paññā-vimutta depending on controlling faculty that causes Vimokkha to happen.
